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怎样才能实现治疗“达标”
发布时间:2009-07-13 05:47     来源:君健网

  

  现代医学水平暂时还不能使糖尿病治愈,只能达到理想控制,即治疗“达标”。

  那么怎样才能实现治疗“达标”呢?

  自我监测,掌握现代检测手段。糖尿病人自我监测,包括自己观察病情,自我测试尿糖、酮体、血糖,作为用药和调整药量的依据,也是判断效果的指标。现在市场售有尿糖、酮体、尿蛋白试纸条,只要将纸条放入尿中沾一下,再用标准板比色即可测出。

  调控饮食,长期坚持。食疗是糖尿病人普遍适用的治疗措施。近年来糖尿病饮食调整的新概念是:宏观控制总进餐量(总热量),三大营养互比例要合理,即脂肪占30%,蛋白质占16%—20%,碳水化合物(主食)占50—60%,提高了碳水化合物(糖)的比例;分餐制,尽可能少量多餐,除三次主餐外,还可加5—6餐;适量进食纤维素多的食品。

  适当运动,带来健康和快乐。定时、定量、选好适合自己的运动方式,对糖尿病人的康复极为重要,可降低血糖,改善体质,增强抵抗力。不过要请医务人员指导,并要定期检查血尿糖,随身携带应急食品,防止低血糖,最好带着糖尿病人应变措施卡片。

  恰当用药,使病人血尿糖达标。应在医生指导下,选好药、用好药、调整好药量,慎防毒副作用。可供病人选择的口服药有四大类:磺脲类、双胍类、a—糖苷酶抑制剂(拜糖平)、中草药。糖尿病专科医生认为必须注射胰岛素治疗的病人,要消除顾虑,不失时机地果断接受胰岛素治疗。

  严密注意,防止急慢性并发症。医生和病人要通力合作,避免病人发生急慢性并发症。医生要指导病人如何监视、预防、治疗低血糖、酮症酸中毒、高渗性昏迷,控制好血糖,不出现或延迟糖尿病眼病、肾病和大小血管病的发生发展。

  定期做好评估,使病人完全达标。糖尿病人治疗效果要定期进行疗效评定。这对总结经验,找出不足,以利于拟定新的治疗方案极为重要。评估疗效,可先由病人做好自我评估,再由医生、护士进一步评定,并定出修正方案,以保证长期达标。

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