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心平气和病不欺
发布时间:2011-01-13      来源:

    《解学士全集·卷首年谱》曾记载:明朝开国皇帝朱元璋与著名才子解缙一起在金水河中钓鱼,半天也没有钓到一条,朱元璋命解缙赋诗一首解闷,解缙应声云:“数尺丝纶落水中,金钩抛去永无踪,凡鱼不敢朝天子,万岁君王只钓龙。”朱元璋听了,转怒为喜。

    《三国演义》也曾记载过一个故事:三国时期,曹魏与蜀汉对垒,一日两军列阵于祁山之前,魏国白髯老军师司徒王朗与蜀汉军师丞相诸葛孔明对阵,诸葛亮唇枪舌剑,义正词严,抓住要害,一顿羞辱,王朗听罢,气满胸膛,大叫一声,跌死于马下。后人有诗赞孔明:兵马出祁山,雄才敌万人,轻摇三寸舌,骂死老奸臣。

    一个是一句诗词转怒为喜,一个是被活活气死。从医学的角度看,这完全是可能的。老人在生气后,特别是怒发冲冠的情绪波动之后,如果不能进行自我调节,不能释放心中的闷气,很有可能导致猝死。

    何以生气能引起猝死呢?一个健康的人在生气后是不会突然死亡的,老年人之所以容易发生猝死,往往是由于他们原来就已患有各种心脑血管疾病,被生气诱发使病情加重而死。中医学认为,气为血帅,血为气之母,气血相依,互为根本。气行则血行,气逆则血逆。而肝主气的疏泄和血的贮藏。小怒,使人气血不和,经络阻塞,脏腑功能失调而致病。“大怒伤肝”逆乱气血,甚则危及生命。现代医学研究证明,人在发怒时,情绪急剧变化,交感神经极度兴奋,肾上腺素分泌增加,心跳加快,呼吸急促,血压升高,双眼圆睁,肌肉紧张,体内血液循环急需重新调配,各器官的正常生理功能受到干扰,很容易诱发胃肠溃疡、高血压、冠心病、神经衰弱症、精神病等疾病的发作或加剧。一个人,如若动辄发火动怒,就容易削弱机体的防御机能,破坏免疫监视系统的正常工作,为癌细胞的产生创造条件。因此有人说盛怒是癌细胞的促活剂,此话确有几分道理。统计表明,终日怒气冲冲,咄咄逼人,争强好胜的人,患癌症的可能性远远超过正常人。更值得一提的是,暴怒对于年事已高者,犹如一枚定时炸弹,随时会酿成大祸。因为不少老人患有高血压、动脉硬化、冠心病等心血管疾病,怒发冲冠的情绪波动,对他们那疲惫的心脏,很容易诱发心绞痛、心肌梗死、脑出血等,使其在盛怒之下猝然离开人间。

    天有春夏秋冬之变,人有喜怒哀乐之情,情感为人类所特有。从某种意义上讲,控制情感比产生情感更艰难,愤怒的闸门一旦打开,怒潮便汹涌澎湃,倾泻而出。这时,若不能自控,任其放纵,则每每会酿成悲剧。难怪《内经》说:喜怒不节则伤肝,肝伤则病起,百病皆生于气矣。

    所以,老年人,特别是患有心脑血管疾病的老年人,平时生活一定要想得开,看得开,要心胸宽广,培养高尚的情操和忍耐心,学会用理智来控制情绪,不要为小事大动肝火,尤其不要动辄暴跳如雷,狂怒不止。正如《养生决》所说:为了小事发脾气,气急败坏惹争议;怒发冲冠更可惧,唯恐因气命归西;气为寿之绊脚石,心平气和病不欺。

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