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糖尿病性皮肤瘙痒应对有方
发布时间:2011-03-23 10:18     来源:君健网

    皮肤瘙痒是糖尿病患者的常见症状之一。根据皮肤瘙痒的部位不同,可分为全身性和局限性两种。全身性瘙痒多见于中老年糖尿病患者,最初可局限于四肢或胸背部,以后逐渐扩展至全身。瘙痒发作多为阵发性,尤以晚间为重,血糖控制不稳定或情绪变化可诱发或加重瘙痒。由于经常搔抓,局部皮肤可出现抓痕、血痂、苔藓样变,甚者有溃破、感染等表现。局限性瘙痒多位于肛门等部位,常与局部念珠菌感染有关。因瘙痒难忍而自行搔抓阴蒂及阴道黏膜,可出现红肿、糜烂;外阴及肛周皮肤可出现肥厚及湿疹样改变。此外,由于瘙痒影响睡眠,可导致头晕、乏力、记忆力差、食欲不振等神经衰弱的一系列表现。如何治疗糖尿病性皮肤瘙痒?

    做好皮肤的日常护理

    1.避免搔抓、摩擦皮肤,以免抓伤皮肤引起溃破和感染。

    2.保持皮肤清洁,秋冬季洗浴宜每周2次,浴水温度37℃~40℃,选择中性护肤皂,浴后适量涂抹润肤霜。

    3.贴身衣服穿纯棉制品,避免穿着化纤毛织品。

    4.合理休息,劳逸结合,保证睡眠,避免过度焦虑和运动。

    5.忌饮酒及吃辛辣等刺激性食品,少喝咖啡和浓茶,饮食宜清淡。

    规范治疗

    控制血糖在专科医生的指导下严格控制好血糖,这是改善瘙痒症状的基础。

    规范治疗瘙痒在皮肤科医师指导下,根据病情、发病季节及个体情况的不同选择治疗方法。

    1.选择外用药物

    轻度瘙痒者可外用止痒性洗剂、霜剂等。严重皮肤瘙痒不伴感染者,可外用弱、中效皮质激素软膏。伴念珠菌感染引起的外阴瘙痒,可局部使用抗真菌药。

    2.选择内服药物

    全身性瘙痒可内服抗组胺类药物,补充钙剂、维生素C等。此外,尚可补充营养神经药物,如维生素B1、B12等。

    3.物理治疗

    全身性瘙痒病可行紫外线照射、药物熏蒸等。

    糖尿病性皮肤瘙痒的原因

    血糖水平高高血糖使血浆和组织液处于高渗状态,不仅可刺激神经末梢产生瘙痒感,还可引起细胞内脱水,导致皮肤干燥,从而加重瘙痒症状。

    神经末梢炎糖尿病患者微循环障碍,周围神经营养障碍,导致神经髓鞘脱失,功能紊乱,感觉神经敏感度增高。外界刺激如冷热变化、衣服摩擦、接触化纤皮毛织物、饮酒食辣等均可诱发皮肤瘙痒。

    免疫功能低下由于糖尿病患者体内葡萄糖不能充分利用,蛋白质代谢负平衡导致营养障碍;同时高血糖减弱了白细胞的杀菌能力,皮肤免疫功能下降。易继发感染如毛囊炎、体股癣、念珠菌病、滴虫等,从而加重皮肤瘙痒。

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