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治疗口腔溃疡 不能只是泻火
发布时间:2011-01-13      来源:
   口腔溃疡是人人都会遇到的小麻烦,多数人认为,口腔溃疡就是上火了,要败火才行,但也有败火败不掉的口腔溃疡。小张就是一个典型,他经常口腔溃疡,有时疼得直咧嘴,还长时间下不去,所以他一有溃疡就买凉茶当水喝,还自己到药店买中药来泻火。药是吃了不少,可溃疡仍然“此起彼伏”,还落下个腹泻的毛病,不得已,他才求助于医生。“你这是虚火引起的溃疡,以前吃的药都是泻实火的苦寒药,药不对证,无疑是雪上加霜,越吃越重。”医生告诉他。口腔溃疡还分虚实?那么如何分辨是什么引起的呢?

    溃疡颜色深是实火引起的

    河南中医学院一附院耳鼻喉科主任医师李莹告诉记者,分辨溃疡有个很简单的方法,就是看溃疡面的颜色。

    实火型口腔溃疡,溃疡面是黄色的,溃疡面周围红肿;虚火型口腔溃疡,溃疡面颜色比较淡,为浅红色或白色,周围红肿不明显。另外,实火型口腔溃疡起病急,病程短,往往一觉醒来就出现了,而且溃疡面积较大、偏深,疼得比较厉害。简单来说,实火型口腔溃疡的症状就是“红肿热痛”。虚火型口腔溃疡则病程比较长,还反复发作,有的可持续十几天甚至几个月,但疼痛不明显。虚火型口腔溃疡还会有手心、足心发热和潮热的表现。有一些人,稍吃点热性食物(如烧烤、油炸食品、龙眼等)就上火,还不能吃凉东西,这也是典型的阳虚导致的虚火。

    李莹说,治疗口腔溃疡时一定要辨证。实火和虚火分不清,用起药来,要么是火上浇油,要么是雪上加霜。比如小张,本来是阳虚引起的口腔溃疡,可他还不停地清热泻火,当然更加伤阳气了。打个比方,实火就是房子着火,你要扑灭它自然得用水。这就是实火要用苦寒药来泻的道理。虚火本来没有火,是虚热,你再泼水的话就会水势泛滥,更加阳虚了。很多人出现口腔溃疡,盲目地泻火,治疗效果不好倒是其次,误用、滥用泻火药还会损伤人体的免疫抗病能力,影响脾胃肾的功能,造成消化不良、腹泻、手脚冰凉等虚寒症状,像小张的腹泻就是这样造成的。

    虚火型口腔溃疡不要吃西瓜霜

    治疗上,实火型口腔溃疡适合用牛黄解毒丸、六神丸、华素片等,同时还可配合使用西瓜霜喷剂、双料喉风散。服用牛黄解毒丸时,注意每次不要超过6粒(0.3克),一般吃2~3天溃疡面会明显缩小。

    虚火型口腔溃疡可服用六味地黄丸、知柏地黄丸、杞菊地黄丸等。需要注意的是,等溃疡完全愈合后,还要再吃上两天,以巩固疗效。有些人喜欢服用一些含片,比如西瓜霜含片、华素片、意可贴等,像西瓜霜等大多数中药含片由苦寒、利咽、消肿的中药组成,是寒性的,虚火型口腔溃疡不适合服用。华素片长期含服口腔会有异味,还可导致舌苔染色,连续使用5天症状未见缓解应停药就医。意可贴属糖皮质激素,主要作用是抗过敏,辅助消炎以及愈合伤口,但高血压、糖尿病、胃与十二指肠溃疡患者要禁用,其他人使用也不要超过7天。还有很多含片里有抗生素,若长期服用,会改变口腔内环境,打破口腔菌群的动态平衡,导致菌群失调,容易诱发口腔感染,所以含有抗生素的含片,必须在医生指导下,确定是细菌感染引起的口腔溃疡时才可使用,使用时间一般为5~7天。

    李莹提醒大家,经常反复发作的口腔溃疡患者,还可能是诸多疾病的前兆,不能只关注治疗溃疡本身,一定要找医生明确诊断后,治疗原发疾病,才能祛除病根。但是大家只知道泻火,而不知有实火、虚火之分,实火可以泻,虚火就不行。

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