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中医治疗各类型糖尿病的原则和方法
发布时间:2009-07-13 05:10     来源:君健网

气阴两虚型糖尿病

    〔主症〕典型的多饮、多尿、多食症状不明显,口咽干燥,神疲乏力,气短,腰膝酸软,大便干结,或兼心悸自汗,或眩晕耳鸣,或肢体麻痛,或视物模糊,舌体胖或有齿印,舌苔白,脉沉细。

    〔治则〕益气养阴

    〔方药〕生脉散合增液汤加味:生黄芪15g,黄精15g,太子参15g,麦冬10g ,五味子10g,生地15g,玄参15g,葛根15g,花粉15g,山药15g,山萸肉10g。

    〔按语〕气阴两虚是糖尿病中最为常见的证候,全国中医糖尿病研究协作组 1504例糖尿病统计,气阴两虚型占27.1%,本组病人大多由阴虚热盛型转变而来,少部分可见于初诊的老年糖尿病人,临床以口干,乏力,气短,舌胖苔白,脉沉细为辨证要点。

    另外,对于气阴两虚型糖尿病患者也可选用玉液汤、玉泉丸、降糖甲片等治疗。

气阴两虚兼淤型糖尿病

    〔主症〕三多症状不明显,口干,乏力,心悸气短,眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,肢体麻痛,视物模糊,胸闷胸痛,或兼双下肢微肿,或兼中风偏瘫,血液流变学异常,甲皱微循环异常,血小板聚集增强,舌体胖,舌质暗或紫暗有瘀斑,舌腹静脉紫暗怒张,脉沉细。

    〔治则〕益气养阴 活血化瘀

    〔方药〕益气养阴活血汤:黄精30g,生黄芪30g,太子参15g,麦冬12g,五味子10g,生地20g,玄参30g,丹参30g,当归10g,桃仁10g,葛根15g,花粉30g,枳实10g,生大黄6~1 0g。

    〔按语〕气阴两虚兼瘀是糖尿病合并症最为常见的证型,其特征是:①病程相对较长,多见于糖尿病的中后期;②燥热标证已退,典型的多饮、多尿、多食的三多症状不显著,多合并视物模糊,眩晕心悸,肢体麻疼,水肿胸闷胸疼,中风偏瘫等并发症;③临床表现以口干,乏力,气短,舌胖质暗为特征。充分反映了气阴两虚兼瘀的病机特点。治疗上应益气养阴,活血化瘀。

阴阳两虚型糖尿病

    〔主症〕腰膝酸软,气短乏力,口干饮水不多,畏寒肢冷,颜面或下肢水肿,食欲减退,大便溏泻或泄泻便秘交替出现,小便混浊如膏,面色苍黄晦暗,耳轮干枯,齿摇发脱,阳痿,舌淡暗,苔白而干,脉沉细无力。

    〔治则〕育阴温阳 补肾活血

    〔方药〕金匮肾气丸合水陆二仙丹加减:熟地15g,山药15g,山萸肉12g,泽泻15g,猪茯苓各15g,芡实15g,金樱子15g,桂枝6g,附片8g,丹参30g,葛根15g。

    〔按语〕阴阳两虚证多见于糖尿病合并症中后期,尤以糖尿病肾病最为多见。全国中医糖尿病协作组1990年1504例糖尿病的统计,阴阳两虚型约占11.5%。此型病人病程长,合并症多,病情复杂,病变部位可累及五脏六腑,其中以心肝脾肾为主,但关键在肾。其病机为消渴病日久,阴损及阳,脏腑功能严重受损,气机升降失常,血液运行受阻,水液代谢障碍而致阴阳俱虚,湿浊瘀血内阻。治疗上应滋阴温阳,补肾活血,兼以利湿化浊。方中六味地黄丸滋阴补肾;芡实、金樱子固肾涩精;桂枝、附片温补肾阳;丹参、葛根活血化瘀;泽泻、猪苓、茯苓利湿化浊。

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