做仰卧起坐可增加脊椎稳定性-运动保健-君健网

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做仰卧起坐可增加脊椎稳定性

发布时间：2011-01-07 来源：

门诊中，经常有自己认为腰肌劳损的中老年病人前来就诊，但经放射学检查却诊断为腰椎滑脱。这是一种棘手的、直接影响工作和生活质量的疾病，因为从理论上来讲，需要绝对或相对卧床休息。

所谓腰椎滑脱是指上一个腰椎在下一个椎体上的滑移。脊椎外伤，脊椎退行性改变都可能诱发腰椎滑脱。由于腰椎滑脱引起椎管狭窄压迫脊髓或脊神经，同时有软组织肿胀渗出充血的炎症改变，所以，患者有逐渐加重的腰痛，可有下肢放射痛、可有间隙性跛行、可有下肢外侧麻木与肌肉萎缩、可有鞍区麻木与大小便失禁、弯腰活动或受限或异常增加，容易与腰肌劳损混淆。

中老年人要重视预防，避免可能引起腰椎外伤的动作和姿势，如避免弯腰取物应屈髋屈膝蹲下取物；避免背、扛、抬、抱重物；避免坐特别低矮的小凳子洗衣服、拣菜；咳嗽或打喷嚏时不要弯腰曲背，应该直立体位且用手扶住橱柜、墙壁或其他坚强牢固可作为依靠的物体。

腰部保暖，尤其在冬季，改善局部血液供应。中老年病人白天可带腰围保暖，晚上睡觉可以增加垫被。

可采取恰当的运动疗法，例如仰卧起坐和俯卧伸腰(俗称“飞燕式”)，能够增加脊椎的稳定性，对预防腰椎滑脱很重要。

饮食上注意营养均衡、合理减肥，减轻腰椎负荷，减轻脱位分力的危害。

腰痛或腰部损伤应该及时明确诊断，避免腰椎椎弓根急性骨折未发现和未愈合，也要避免漏诊漏治误诊误治，如脊椎肿瘤、感染、骨质疏松症，也会引起腰椎滑脱。中老年病人可以中药外用，活血化瘀，消炎止痛，可以中药内服，益气血，补肝肾，延缓椎间盘退变。

此类病人不适宜腰椎牵引，特别是暴力牵引，更属禁忌，因为可能加重腰椎脱位。可用局部手法(非暴力手法)、针灸、火罐、理疗，消炎、解痉、止痛、改善血供，改善症状。必要时手术。

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