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坐立卧行视 养生防“五劳”
发布时间：2011-01-07      来源：

    人体的阳气经过一冬天的蛰伏，要在春天生发直至旺盛。对于老年人而言，阳气本来就在减少，因此日常尤其要在五个方面劳逸适度，才能保养阳气。

    久坐伤肉。

    长期坐着，易发生肌纤维萎缩，肌肉力量减弱。老人入座时，动作要轻、平稳，入座后姿势要端正，上身正直，自然放松，下肢自然屈曲，不要含胸弓背，更不要跷“二郎腿”。坐一段时间后应起来走动一下，使被牵拉的肌肉和韧带得以放松。

    久立伤骨。

    久站不动，躯体重量全由下肢承担，易发生下肢静脉血液上行回流不畅，不仅使脚软、足麻，足背踝部浮肿，且易引起小腿静脉曲张、腰腿部关节炎等病。老人站立时，身体应自然、平稳、端正，上肢自然下垂，挺胸收腹，上身不要倾斜，下肢均匀受力。

    久卧伤气。

    睡觉时新陈代谢降低，体表及内脏血管收缩，血流缓慢，气血运行不畅，易造成精神不振。老人的床不宜太软，以硬板床加较软较厚的褥垫为宜，睡眠8小时足矣。

    久行伤筋。

    不拘形式的大步走，可使全身关节筋骨得到适度运动，对身体的新陈代谢会有良好的促进作用，有利于提高肌体的抗病能力。但要量力而行，适可而止，不管不顾的长途步行，容易发生脚筋扭伤，跌倒或其他心血管意外疾病。

    久视伤血。

    看书及观赏山水风景等，可以使人精神愉快、脾胃健康，这就是“视养血”的道理。不过“久视则伤血”，必须注意掌握分寸。中医认为“目得血而能视”，人到老年，眼睛本已昏花，倘若用眼过度，不仅会损伤眼睛的视物功能，还会伤血耗气，导致眼睛疲劳、目眩、头晕、心悸、失眠。一般来说，65岁以上的老人，看书、报、杂志或电视的时间以1—2小时为宜。

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