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降压饮食秉承“五味不过”
发布时间：2011-02-28      来源：

    导语：预防高血压有饮食口诀，即：“半斤牛奶二两肉，一斤蔬菜八两谷。一个鸡蛋五克盐，水果绿茶享清福。不抽香烟少喝酒，乐观开朗心无忧。每天早上跑跑步，保你腰带不变粗。”饮食上必须秉持“五味不过”原则。

    降压饮食秉承“五味不过”

    一、食物不过咸：限盐。

    健康成年人每天盐的摄入量不宜超过6克，其中包括通过酱油、咸菜、味精等调味品摄入盐的量。

    二、食物不过甜：限糖。

    含糖高的食品主要是米、面、糕点等。建议主食要粗细搭配，如玉米、小米、豆类、荞麦、薯类等。最好不吃或少吃油饼、油条、炸糕、奶油蛋糕、巧克力、奶类雪糕等。

    三、食物不过腻：限制脂肪过高的食品。

    王清海建议，生活中要限制家畜肉类(尤其是肥肉)、动物油脂(如猪油)、奶油糕点、棕榈油等高脂肪和蛋类制品、蛋黄、动物内脏、鱼子及鸡皮、鸭皮等高胆固醇食物的摄入。每天不超过250克新鲜牛奶或酸奶。每天肉类控制在75克以内，主要是瘦肉，如猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭等禽类肉食。

    四、食物不过辛：限制饮酒。

    酒也属于“辛”类食物，对于嗜酒如命的市民，王清海建议男性每天饮酒精不超过30克，即葡萄酒小于100~150毫升，比如2至3两；或啤酒小于250~500毫升，比如半斤到1斤；或白酒小于25~50毫升，约0.5至1两。女性则减半量，孕妇不饮酒。不提倡饮高度烈性酒。

    五、食物不过苦：过食可致食欲不振。

    苦味食物主要是苦麦菜、芹菜、芥菜、苦瓜、咖啡等。苦能清热，广州地区气候炎热，适当吃些有苦味的蔬菜是有好处的，可以清肝炎、心火。不过，苦味毕竟寒凉，过食则损伤脾胃，导致食欲不振、或腹痛腹泻等，影响食物的消化吸收。

    需要提醒的是，很多老年人一提鸡蛋就犯憷，认为其胆固醇含量太高，对身体不好，其实除了胆固醇过高者尽量少吃蛋黄外，其他人吃鸡蛋没多大问题。还要强调的是，饮食有节，还包括不能过饱。“饮食自倍，肠胃乃伤”，不可不防。如果能再配合适当的运动和保持心情舒畅就更好了。

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