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专家称约三成心梗没症状 高危人群需定期体检
发布时间:2011-03-24 02:30     来源:君健网

  38岁英国男子安德鲁·法兰克什只是将垃圾桶拎出门外,就感到有些上气不接下气,医生初步诊断称,他可能感冒了。但是一个月之后,安德鲁仍然感到没精打采,再次去医院做了详细检查。结果发现,安德鲁三根供应心脏的重要动脉中,有两根已经被完全堵塞,第三根也开始变窄。医生告诉他,他之所以感到呼吸困难,全是心脏病惹的祸。

  这一结果令安德鲁大吃一惊,他说:“我经常踢足球,打壁球,总认为自己身强力壮、很健康。虽然身材有些发福,但毕竟已年近40岁,体型不容易保持那么好。我实在不敢想象,自己年纪不大,血管却已经出了大问题。”

  与大多数人一样,安德鲁认为,只有“戏剧性的经典动作”才是心脏病,比如,患者突然出现呼吸急促、胸闷、痛苦地手捂胸口,然后瘫倒在地……然而,医生诊断说,安德鲁患的是“无症状性心肌缺血发作”,发作时症状模糊,甚至几乎没有症状,但其严重程度丝毫不亚于“典型心脏病发作”,有时甚至更严重。

  对此,英国北方总医院心脏病专家艾瓦·格雷奇博士表示,“无症状性心肌缺血发作”约占冠心病的25%—30%。病情发作时,患者只会出现一些隐约不适:说不出的不适感,同时伴有下颌痛、消化不良等。英国心脏基金会彼得·韦斯伯格教授表示,事实上,当这些患者出现症状时,往往已经是心脏衰竭的表现,比如气急等。像安德鲁这样只是在完成“扔垃圾”或“抱孩子上楼”之类的日常家务后感到费劲,病情已非常严重了。

  心肌缺血发作通常都是由于冠状动脉突然受阻,导致心脏无法供血而造成部分心肌死亡。尽管症状不明显,但是心脏依然会受损。心肌受损后,疤痕通常无法自我修复。由于容易被忽视,心脏受损可能长时间内发现不了,往往会导致心脏衰竭等致命性后果。

  格雷奇博士表示,“无症状性心肌缺血发作”最危险人群当数糖尿病患者。多项研究表明,血糖过高会损害神经末梢,因而更难感觉到胸痛、胸闷等典型症状。此外,女性、65岁以上老年人群、有冠心病家族史的人也要特别注意。以上这些高危人群要定期去医院体检。

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