4种情况不要给儿童用抗生素以免其成“耐药宝宝”
发布时间:2011-06-21 11:16 来源:君健网
在过去的几十年中,人类屡屡遭遇“耐药细菌”的挑战,而儿童更是“重灾区”。北京市药监局近日发布用药常识提醒家长,四种情况下不要用抗生素,以防孩子成为“耐药宝宝”。
一是普通感冒,大多数情况下不需要使用抗生素,除非继发或合并细菌感染。应注意让儿童多饮水和休息,而不是加用抗生素。
二是过敏性咳嗽或感染后咳嗽,多数不需使用抗生素。
三是夏季热,这是婴幼儿时期的一种特有疾病,临床以入夏长期发热、口渴多饮、多尿、汗闭为特征。夏季热有严格的季节性,要区别于其他疾病所致的发热。很多家长误以为是感冒,给小儿服不少感冒药甚至抗生素,结果适得其反。
四是非细菌性腹泻。腹泻一般分为感染性和非感染性,过敏刺激、饮食不当、消化不良、使用药物、天气突变等原因引起的非感染性腹泻,不需要用抗生素治疗。而感染性腹泻中病毒感染所致的肠炎,如秋季腹泻,是由轮状病毒感染所致,大便像水或蛋花汤一样,多没有特殊的腥臭味,也不需使用抗生素。但是,若孩子为细菌感染所致的腹泻(菌痢、霍乱等),则应使用抗生素。
北京市药监局提醒,给孩子使用抗生素,一定要辨明症状,选择用药。医生通常根据小儿的病史、临床表现、必要的辅助检查作出诊断,确定是否需用抗生素治疗。不合理地联用抗生素不仅不能增加疗效,反而会降低疗效,增加不良反应和产生耐药性机会。严重感染、混合感染或病原菌不明的儿童,可在医师指导下联合使用抗生素。
另外,给孩子使用抗生素,切忌不要随意更换、停用。一种药物起效往往需要一定的时间,如果频繁更换抗生素,反而容易使细菌产生耐药性。如果是急性感染,用药48小时至72小时后效果不明显,症状没有改善,可在医生的指导下考虑调整用药。也不要症状刚刚消失,就停止用药,一般抗生素应使用至症状消失或化验结果正常后3天方可停药。
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