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卫生部发布胃癌诊疗规范 进一步保障医疗安全
发布时间:2011-03-01 04:17     来源:君健网
    据卫生部网站消息,为规范中国胃癌临床诊疗行为,进一步提高医疗机构胃癌诊疗水平,保障医疗质量和医疗安全,日前,卫生部发布《胃癌诊疗规范(2011年版)》。

  《规范》指出,胃癌缺少特异性临床症状,早期胃癌常无症状。常见的临床症状有上腹部不适或疼痛、食欲减退、消瘦、乏力、恶心、呕吐、呕血或黑便、腹泻、便秘、发热等。

  《规范》称,早期或部分局部进展期胃癌常无明显体征。晚期胃癌患者可扪及上腹部包块,发生远处转移时,根据转移部位,可出现相应的体征。出现上消化道穿孔、出血或消化道梗阻等情况时,可出现相应体征。

  《规范》指出,组织病理学诊断是胃癌的确诊和治疗依据。活检确诊为浸润性癌的患者进行规范化治疗。如因活检取材的限制,活检病理不能确定浸润深度,报告为癌前病变或可疑性浸润的患者,建议重复活检或结合影像学检查结果,进一步确诊后选择治疗方案。

  《规范》要求,应当采取综合治疗的原则,即根据肿瘤病理学类型及临床分期,结合患者一般状况和器官功能状态,采取多学科综合治疗(multidisciplinary team, MDT)模式,有计划、合理地应用手术、化疗、放疗和生物靶向等治疗手段,达到根治或最大幅度地控制肿瘤,延长患者生存期,改善生活质量的目的。

  一、早期胃癌且无淋巴结转移证据,可根据肿瘤侵犯深度,考虑内镜下治疗或手术治疗,术后无需辅助放疗或化疗。

  二、局部进展期胃癌或伴有淋巴结转移的早期胃癌,应当采取以手术为主的综合治疗。根据肿瘤侵犯深度及是否伴有淋巴结转移,可考虑直接行根治性手术或术前先行新辅助化疗,再考虑根治性手术。成功实施根治性手术的局部进展期胃癌,需根据术后病理分期决定辅助治疗方案(辅助化疗,必要时考虑辅助化放疗)。

  三、复发/转移性胃癌应当采取以药物治疗为主的综合治疗手段,在恰当的时机给予姑息性手术、放射治疗、介入治疗、射频治疗等局部治疗,同时也应当积极给予止痛、支架置入、营养支持等最佳支持治疗。

  胃癌是中国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,2010年卫生统计年鉴显示,2005年,胃癌死亡率占我国恶性肿瘤死亡率的第3位。胃癌的发生是多因素长期作用的结果。中国胃癌发病率存在明显地区差异,环境因素在胃癌的发生中居支配地位,而宿主因素则居从属地位。

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