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常见伤病急救:鼻出血切勿头部后仰
发布时间:2011-01-04 11:01     来源:君健网

  日常生活中,难免会遇到一些常见伤。处理得当,可化险为夷;反之,则可能导致更大危险。美国《真简单》杂志近日刊登专家综述文章,列出了8种常见伤的急救常识。

  1。鼻子出血。马上做:身体稍微前倾,捏住鼻子5—15分钟,或在鼻梁上压冰袋。不要做:头部后仰(出血容易下咽,可能呛入肺中,造成危险)。何时求医:20分钟还止不住鼻血;同时伴有头痛、眩晕、耳鸣或视觉问题。

  2。眼中有异物。马上做:多眨几次眼,将异物弄出。如果不行,可捏住眼皮,用自来水冲洗眼睛。不要做:揉眼睛(哪怕是很小的异物也会划伤角膜,导致感染)。何时求医:漂白粉等化学品溅入眼中;冲洗后,眼睛仍刺痛、肿胀或视物不清。

  3。扭伤。马上做:每隔20分钟换冰袋冷敷。用弹性绷带包裹受伤关节,抬高受伤部位,至少24小时不要动。之后,热敷以促进患部血液循环。不要做:带伤工作(会导致更严重的损伤,比如韧带撕裂等)。何时求医:如果几天后伤势仍未好转,有可能是发生了骨折、肌肉或韧带撕裂,应立即就医。

  4。烧伤。马上做:用凉水冲洗烧伤处,或用湿毛巾冷敷。一级伤(皮肤发红)或二级伤(起水泡)可宽松包扎。不要做:将冰袋放在烧伤处(冰会损伤皮肤,加重伤情);刺破水泡或在烧伤处抹抗生素(易造成感染)。何时求医:二度烧伤面积超过手掌大小;三度烧伤(皮肤烧破烧焦)、电烧伤、化学物烧伤,以及患者咳嗽多泪或呼吸困难。

  5。头部受重击。马上做:如果受伤者不省人事,立即拨打急救电话;如果受伤部位出血,应做临时止血处理,但应听从医生指导,因为可能有脑内伤;头部小肿块可用冰袋冷敷。不要做:将受伤者独自留下,特别是伤者睡着的时候。正确做法是:每3—4小时叫醒他一次,让其回答一些简单的问题,确信没有伤及大脑。何时求医:伤者出现痉挛、头昏、恶心、呕吐。

  6。窒息。马上做:立即拨打急救电话。患者大于1岁,可让他前倾,用手掌在其肩胛骨之间拍击5次。如无效让患者平躺,将一只拳头置于肚脐上方,另一只手握住拳头,上下按压5次。不要做:患者咳嗽时,让其喝水或吃东西。

  7。中毒。马上做:患者无意识或呼吸困难,立即拨打急救电话。务必说清是何物中毒、时间及用量、患者年龄及体重等。不要做:轻易使用催吐药;随便给患者吃喝东西。

  8。外伤。马上做:在伤口处用纱布压迫止血。较小的割伤或划伤,用肥皂水清洗后,抹一层凡士林或抗生素药膏,再用创可贴包好。不要做:对大而深、出血多的伤口清洗抹药;轻易拔出伤口上的刺入物。何时求医:伤口有钉子等异物;伤口较深,伴有发烧、红肿。

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意外崴脚应立即冷敷 受伤最初两...  上一篇 | 下一篇  指甲受伤 急救

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