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孩子被宠物咬伤怎么办
发布时间:2011-01-04 10:45     来源:君健网

  家里养有犬、猫等宠物,难免会出现一些意外,以致会被宠物咬伤。物别是孩子,常因嬉戏逗弄过度而造成宠物伤人事故。那么,孩子一旦被宠物咬伤,应该如何处理?需注意哪些问题?

  被咬伤后的处理措施

  孩子被宠物咬伤后要及时注射狂犬疫苗,能行之有效地预防发病。使用狂犬疫苗要注意以下几点:

  正确处理伤口。伤口的正确处理是防止发病的关键,越早越好。最好能取得医生的帮助,当然亦可自行处理,其方法是先将伤口挤压出血,并用浓肥皂水反复冲洗伤口,再用大量清水冲洗,擦干后用5%碘酒烧灼伤口,以清除或杀灭污染伤口的狂犬病毒。只要未伤及大血管,一般无需包扎或缝合。若条件许可,可在伤口周围注射狂犬病血清和破伤风抗霉素。

  尽快注射狂犬疫苗。被动物咬伤后应尽早注射狂犬疫苗,越早越好。首次注射疫苗的最佳时间是被咬伤后的48小时内。具体注射时间是:分别于第0、 3、7、14、30天各肌肉注射1支(2毫升)疫苗,“0”是指注射第一支的当天(其余以此类推)。如果因诸多因素而未能及时注射疫苗,应本着“早注射比迟注射好,迟注射比不注射好”的原则使用狂犬疫苗。

  被可疑狂犬病毒感染的动物咬伤亦应注射疫苗。动物之间由于互相打斗嬉咬,可相互传染狂犬病病毒,故人被咬后同样可以感染狂犬病。因此,为保险起见,凡被犬咬伤或其他动物咬伤者,都要按狂犬咬伤处理,及时注射狂犬疫苗。

  注意事项

  在注射疫苗期间,应注意不要饮酒、喝浓茶、咖啡;亦不要吃有刺激性的食物,诸如辣椒、葱、大蒜等等;同时要避免受凉、剧烈运动或过度疲劳,防止感冒。

  特别提醒

  应特别提醒养犬者的是,犬瘟病、狂犬病、犬细小病毒性肠炎、传染性肝炎和钩端螺旋体病是犬常见的几种烈性传染病,其中狂犬病属于人畜共患病,死亡率极高。目前对这几种病尚无可靠的治疗措施,最有效的方法就是适时而有效地给犬接种疫苗。养犬者千万马虎不得,也不能存在任何侥幸心理。一般来说,对幼犬应在6~9周龄期间接种一次上述疫苗,可同时分别注射各种单苗;12~14周龄时再接种一次,以后每年接种一次。

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