烧、烫伤对于小儿来说是非常常见的。因为婴幼儿(特别是3—5岁小孩)智力发育快,好奇心强,什么都想试一试,还表现得有些没深没浅。
烫伤的情况不大一样。婴儿想抓住边吸烟边看报的爸爸时,一不留神,小手心儿会触到烧着的烟头上而烫了手。这种烫伤比较轻。当小儿碰倒暖瓶,里面的开水洒到小儿身上,接触到烧热的器皿或明火,就会造成严重的烫伤及烧伤。
烧、烫伤后怎么办呢?
首先应该看一看面积有多大。每个小孩的手掌大约有身体表面积的1%。如果小儿烧烫伤的面积在lo%以上,表示病情较重,很容易合并脱水甚至造成休克,应赶快送医院治疗,切不可耽误。
如果只是触一下爸爸抽的烟头,这仅仅是把手指表皮烧红,不用管它,也会自然痊愈。如果是弄倒暖瓶开水洒到身上或摸触到电熨斗等烧热的器皿上,能使表皮起泡,就必须到医院就诊。若拖延时间,可能使伤口感染,烫伤处化脓。烧、烫伤半个身子,受伤部位皮肤起明显水泡,这样的烧烫伤甚至会危及生命。
皮肤直接被硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、苛性钠等化学液体烧伤时,应立即用清水冲洗后再去医院就诊。
开水泼到衣服上时,在脱衣服前应先用自来水冲,尽量降低开水的温度。如果不及时脱掉衣服,会使皮肤的烫伤变重。比起脱衣服来,还不如用大剪子剪开衣服的好,但尽量请医生剪。原则是浇上自来水后,尽快带小儿去外科治疗。如果衣服上洒上硫酸或盐酸时,可用剪子剪开衣服后,用水冲洗皮肤。
小儿发生烧烫伤是十分痛苦的事情。家长从3—4岁就要开始向小儿反复讲明玩火、火柴以及煤气灶具的危险性,教育小儿不要在厨房打闹。家中的开水壶不要放在明面,暖瓶不要放在桌旁床边,以免小儿碰倒造成烫伤。
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医生姓名:刘伏友
所在科室:肾内科
工作医院:中南大学湘雅二医院
专业职称:主任医师
擅长疾病: 腹膜透析、各类肾病、慢性肾功能衰竭、尿毒症、血液...
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