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小儿跌伤后的处理
发布时间:2011-01-04 10:43     来源:君健网

  随着孩子的发育成长,从会爬到会走,从会走到会跑,这期间跌倒、摔伤是很常见的。那末,小儿发生跌伤后怎么办呢?首先应弄清孩子跌伤的部位和局部跌破及肿包情况,然后再做相应处理。

  小儿跌倒摔了一跤,家长应将小儿抱起,看一看跌摔在什么部位?该部位能否活动?如摔了腿,但站起来后还能活动,说明未发生骨折,仅仅是表皮或软组织受伤并不要紧。可将皮肤擦破部位,用清水洗净,涂以红药水或外敷云南白药,以消毒纱布及绷带裹好。若软组织损伤、局部肿胀、疼痛明显,需到医院拍X光片确认有无骨折,如无骨折,可服用跌打丸、三七伤药片、云南白药、沈阳红药等药物,注意观察肿胀局部的变化;并应适当休息。

  若小儿跌伤较重,出现明显骨折征象,如肢体活动不能自如或明显受限,跌伤部位出现明显肿胀、畸形等,此时应马上去医院。在去医院过程中,应避免挪动骨折部位。如四肢骨折,应找一块木板将骨折两端固定于木板上;如腰部骨折,应找一副担架,担架上放一块木板,或直接用木板将患儿抬到医院,尽快诊治。否则,可能会因骨折部位活动错位而损伤神经、血管,加重病情甚至危及生命。

  如果跌倒摔碰到钉子或铁器上,虽所伤可能不重,可能仅仅是扎了一个小口子,或伤了一点皮。但是,不能掉以轻心,要给予足够的重视。因为钉子或铁器上可能生锈,伤口有被破伤风杆菌污染诱发破伤风。

  如果小儿跌伤及头部,很可能伤得不轻,即使皮肤并末摔破,肿包也不明显,仍应注意,需观察一个星期左右。在这期间如果出现呕吐或抽搐,必须送医院看脑外科。如果跌倒当时就昏迷不醒或出现脸色异常苍白、眼瞳孔左右大小不等,应立即急送医院脑外科。

  小儿跌伤后,在未确定诊断之前,不要给小儿做按摩、揉搓,以免加重病情。

  为防止跌伤,对会走的孩子,要时时注意照看。带孩子外出,孩子自己走路的机会就增多,作为父母,又非常高兴地愿意看着自己的孩子自己走路,因此要格外留神,紧紧跟着孩子,过马路时,妈妈要拉着孩子的手,让孩子走在里面,妈妈应该走在靠车子通过的一侧。小孩穿的鞋底一定要不滑,这样就会少跌倒、少跌伤。

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