引起孩子大便出血的原因有哪些
发布时间:2011-05-18 12:33 来源:君健网
目前最常见的大便带血的原因是肛裂。肛裂就是肛门有小的裂口,通常由便秘造成。大便通过肛门时撑展裂口,使之裂开程度加剧,并导致少量出血。血渍可能附在大便表面,也可见于尿布或内裤上。这种出血常常会引起父母极度紧张,但它并不严重,通常很快就能缓解。
另一种出血量稍多的情况是由肠息肉(这是一种肠道内壁长出来的小突起)或是一种称为麦克尔憩室的情况引起的。五十个孩子中大概有一个会得此病,通常没有任何症状。婴儿在出生前,脐带和肠管通过肚脐相连。孩子出生后,这个管道的肠端可能存留下来,成为附着在小肠上的一个盲袋,这就是憩室。它通常没有危害,偶尔可引起出血或肠套叠及肠扭转等情况。
肠套叠一般发生在三个月到九个月的婴儿。九个月以上的婴儿也可能发生。出现这种情况时,部分肠管自己套叠起来,可以想像一下可伸缩望远镜是怎样收缩起来的,一部分肠管的套叠与此相似。肠管通过增加肌肉痉挛,来对套入部分引起的肿胀作出反应,当然,这只会使问题越来越严重。所以,肠套叠症状是一种剧烈的腹痛,伴有严重的血便。
出于某些奇怪的原因,医生们常常用食物来形容某种病理状况。肠套叠产生的大便被描述为红果酱样。虽然这有点恶心,但很准确!肠套叠可继发胃肠炎或上呼吸道感染,后者会造成腹腔内淋巴结肿大。
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