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癌症:骨转移认识误区多
发布时间:2011-01-29 10:18     来源:君健网

  骨转移是许多癌症患者及家属最怕听到的消息,一旦查出骨转移,是否就意味着病人已"无药可医"、只能"坐以待毙"了呢?对此,专家指出,近十多年来,许多学科在骨转移瘤的发生机理、防治方法等方面都有突破性的研究。比如,临床上就乳腺癌患者虽然发生了骨转移,但接受恰当的治疗后症状得到控制,提高生存质量、延长存活期。新快报记者日前在广州举行的第六届中国癌症康复与姑息医学大会上获悉,骨转移并非都是癌症晚期。

  误区一:癌症晚期都会骨转移

  骨转移就是肿瘤通过某种方式扩散到骨头处。人们往往认为癌症到了晚期就会发生骨转移。中山大学附属肿瘤医院内科副主任张力教授表示:不是所有的癌症晚期都会发生骨转移,关键要看是什么肿瘤。

  "最容易发生骨转移的肿瘤是乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌等,虽然其骨转移的发生率高,但也不是所有的这几类癌症患者都会发生骨转移。"专家表示,乳腺癌50%~70%会发生骨转移,肺癌约有30%会发生骨转移,如果前列腺癌长在骨中是100%的骨破坏。而消化道肿瘤,如胃癌、肝癌等发生骨转移的几率则不高。

  误区二:骨转移都是癌症晚期

  同样,人们往往认为骨转移就是表示癌症进入晚期,已经无药可医、生存时间只能以天来计算。张力教授称,骨转移并非都是晚期,肺癌如果发生骨转移一般肯定是晚期,而乳腺癌如果发生骨转移则并非晚期,患者甚至可生存好几年。

  误区三:骨转移一发生就开始骨痛

  "并非骨转移一开始发生就会出现骨痛。"专家表示,骨转移到后期基本都会出现剧烈骨痛,但是,骨转移的早期并非都表现为疼痛。张力称,临床上,有些人是因为骨疼才发现骨转移,有些人则是没有骨痛,但因为骨折就诊才发现骨转移。

  治疗:确诊骨转移及时治疗

  骨转移除了疼痛外,还可能出现功能障碍、病理性的骨折、高钙血症等一系列骨骼并发症,脊椎转移还可发生脊髓压迫以至截瘫。专家表示,骨转移患者应该在抗肿瘤治疗的基础上进行姑息治疗,以提高整体的生活质量。积极预防骨折和瘫痪。"因为一旦骨转移患者发生瘫痪,寿命就大大缩短。"

  双膦酸盐的应用就是姑息治疗的一个成功的典范。双膦酸盐是目前治疗高钙血症的标准治疗方法,并且已经成为治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移的药物之一,它能抑制因破骨活性增加而导致的骨吸收。最新一代治疗骨转移的双膦酸盐药物唑来膦酸较其他双膦酸盐更有效降低乳腺癌骨转移引起的骨相关事件。最近发布的2010年《恶性肿瘤骨转移及骨相关疾病临床诊疗专家共识》中指出,一旦确诊恶性肿瘤骨转移,即建议开始双膦酸盐治疗。

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